Which population is referenced regarding fitness characteristics in the text?

The focus on older adults in the context of fitness characteristics often emphasizes the unique physiological and functional changes that occur with aging. This population faces specific challenges, such as decreased muscle mass, bone density, and cardiovascular efficiency, which can significantly affect their physical capabilities. The principles of exercise science must be tailored to accommodate these changes, highlighting the importance of strength training, balance exercises, and aerobic conditioning in promoting health and functional independence among older adults.

In literature about kinesiology and exercise physiology, there's considerable research dedicated to understanding how to optimize fitness programs tailored for this demographic. These programs often aim to improve mobility, prevent falls, enhance quality of life, and manage chronic conditions prevalent in older adults. Thus, the training methods and fitness assessments applicable to older adults are quite different from those advocated for other populations like children or professional athletes, who may have different fitness goals and physical capacities. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for developing effective fitness strategies and interventions.